state province algeria

Defendants may confront or question witnesses against them and present witnesses and evidence on their behalf. [8] Webster's Geographical Dictionary. Exploiters of child labor used methods allegedly learned via the internet to increase their mistreatment of children. The government issued licenses and subsidies to domestic associations, especially youth, medical, and neighborhood associations. state province algeria. In addition, six private domestic television channels, 12 foreign broadcasting channels, and one foreign radio stationthe BBCoperated throughout the year. WebThe Islamic State Algeria Province is a branch of the militant Islamist group Islamic State, active in Algeria. )exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. )-$16.954 billion (2019 est.). Prison sentences for rape range from five to 10 years, and authorities generally enforced the law. International and local observers alleged that authorities occasionally used antiterrorism laws and restrictive laws on freedom of expression and public assembly to detain political activists and outspoken critics of the government. 1900: According to Jean-Jacques Sudre, in 1900, mentioning only "clearly definable entities", Algeria was divided The law for the protection of the child criminalizes anyone who economically exploits a child with a penalty of one to three years imprisonment and a fine of DZD 50,000 to DZD 100,000 ($425 to $850); the punishment is doubled if the offender is a family member or guardian of the child. Section II. According to a 2012 law, at least 33 percent of seats in elected assemblies are reserved for women. Authorities have been holding journalist, Said Chitour, in pretrial detention since June 2017 without trial. Journalists from independent print and broadcast media expressed frustration over the difficulty of receiving information from public officials. Foreign Travel: The constitution states that the right to enter and exit the country is provided to citizens. However, the French language has continued to occupy an Some terrorist groups remained active in the country, including al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and an ISIS affiliate, Jund al-Khilafah. Married women under 18 may not travel abroad without permission from their husbands, but married women older than 18 may do so. Algeria since December 18, 2019, is divided into 58 wilayas ().Prior to December 18, 2019, there were 48 provinces. The 58 provinces are divided into 1541 baladiyahs (municipalities).The capital city of a baladiyah, dara, or province, always gives those entities their name, even Algiers, the capital of the country gave it its name (El Djazayar, the Arabic name for both the city and the country). )female: 0.7% (2020 est. split from Sada; Relizane split from Mostaganem; Souk Ahras split from Guelma; Tindouf split from Bchar; Tipaza Also see the Department of StatesTrafficking in Persons Reportatwww.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/. A CNDH representative said the organization viewed the most serious human rights concerns as limits on socioeconomic rights, as well as limits on free speech. The government maintained two regional womens shelters and was building three additional shelters. Webthe machine that won the war irony; Select Page. The law states that members of local, provincial, and national assemblies are elected for five-year terms and that presidential elections occur within 30 days prior to the expiration of the presidential term. ), total petroleum production: 1,414,800 bbl/day (2021 est. As a result, Algeria was divided into three )exports: 673 million kWh (2019 est. (I use "commune" to translate the French "commune," and "municipality" to It was unclear whether authorities followed the law in all cases since local authorities had significant discretion and the government did not maintain nationwide statistics. note: data are in current year dollars$42.347 billion (2020 est.) Appeals may be made to the ministry, with no independent or judicial review provided for in the decree. Protests broke out across the country in late February 2019 against President BOUTEFLIKAs decision to seek a fifth term. )119.354 (2019 est. According to the ministry, there were 14 accredited foreign press agencies reported during the year. While the constitution provides for the separation of powers between the executive and judicial branches of government, the executive branchs broad statutory authorities limited judicial independence. arrondissement of Batna department. The law also bans political party ties to nonpolitical associations and regulates party financing and reporting requirements. Algeria became independent in 1962. ), urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. )$10,800 (2020 est. There were several strikes launched in reaction to the governments refusal to extend official recognition to fledgling new unions and its practice of engaging only with the UGTA. Fekhar was released shortly thereafter, two years after his initial arrest. (An igamie is the According to his lawyers, authorities have not provided any evidence to support the charges. The Algerian Red Crescent, which is subordinate to the Ministry of Solidarity, maintained welcome facilities that provided food and shelter for those Syrians without means to support themselves. There were no known reports of workers dismissed for removing themselves from hazardous working conditions. Leaders of womens organizations reported that discrimination was common and women were less likely to receive equal pay for equal work or promotions. 1848-12-09: By French presidential decree, the civil territory in each province was elevated to a department of $41.776 billion (2021 est. List of Algerian provinces by area This article has been translated from the Sexual Exploitation of Children: The law prohibits solicitation for prostitution and stipulates prison sentences of between 10 and 20 years when the offense is committed against a minor under age 18. Their names were Alger (English: Algiers), After the most recent Furthermore, all public demonstrations, including protests and strikes, must receive prior government authorization. Corruption throughout the government stemmed largely from a lack of transparent oversight. )expenditures: 70.2 billion (2017 est. A provision of the penal code allows an adult accused of corruption of a minor to avoid prosecution if the accused subsequently marries his or her victim and if the crime did not involve violence, threats, or fraud. names. Official websites use .gov. A January 2017 decree by the prime minister clarified the process for the Ministry of Cultures review of imported books, both in print and electronic form. The Islamic State Algeria Province After kidnapping a 55-year-old French mountaineering guide, Herv Gourdel, the group stated in a video on 22 September 2014, that the kidnapping was a fulfilling of an order of IS spokesman al-'Adnani to attack citizens of Participation of Women and Minorities: No laws limit the participation of women and members of minorities in the political process, and women and minorities did participate. Authorities utilized the ban to prohibit assembly within the city limits. Elections for the lower chamber of parliament were held in May 2017 and did not result in significant changes in the composition of the government. According to the decree, importers must submit to the ministry the title, authors name, editors name, edition, year, International Standard Book Number, and number of copies to be imported. According to UNHCR, the government did not accept UNHCR-determined refugee status for individuals. [6] The Statesman's Year-Book 1981-82. G. & C. Merriam Co., Springfield, MA, 1957. The ILO tried to visit during the year but had to cancel the visit when the government was unable to guarantee that they would be able to meet with independent trade unions. Oxford University Press, New York, 1951. Status of Government Respect for Religious Birth registration: The mother or father may transmit citizenship and nationality. ), number of registered air carriers: 3 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 87annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 6,442,442 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 28.28 million (2018) mt-km, total: 67over 3,047 m: 142,438 to 3,047 m: 271,524 to 2,437 m: 18914 to 1,523 m: 6under 914 m: 2 (2021), total: 822,438 to 3,047 m: 21,524 to 2,437 m: 16914 to 1,523 m: 36under 914 m: 28 (2021), 2,600 km condensate, 16,415 km gas, 3,447 km liquid petroleum gas, 7,036 km oil, 144 km refined products (2013), total: 104,000 km (2015)paved: 71,656 km (2015)unpaved: 32,344 km (2015), total: 114by type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 2, general cargo 11, oil tanker 11, other 89 (2021), major seaport(s): Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Djendjene, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, SkikdaLNG terminal(s) (export): Arzew, Bethioua, Skikda, Algerian People's National Army (ANP): Land Forces, Naval Forces (includes Coast Guard), Air Forces, Territorial Air Defense Forces, Republican Guard (under ANP but responsible to the President), National Gendarmerie; Ministry of Interior: General Directorate of National Security (national police) (2022), 5.6% of GDP (2021 est. )exports: 42,667,386,000 cubic meters (2019 est. Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom from: a. ), 12.7% (2021 est. ), household consumption: 42.7% (2017 est. In recent years the Algerian Government has halted the privatization of state-owned industries and imposed restrictions on imports and foreign involvement in its economy, pursuing an explicit import substitution policy. In 2016 the government created a High Independent Election Monitoring Body, charged with monitoring elections and investigating allegations of irregularities. See the Department of StatesInternational Religious Freedom Reportatwww.state.gov/religiousfreedomreport/. Physical Conditions: There were no major concerns regarding physical conditions in the countrys 48 prisons and detention centers. Many trade unions remained unrecognized by the government; they identified delayed processing and administrative hurdles imposed by the government as the primary obstacles to establishing legal status. The government affirmed there were 101 registered trade unions and employers organizations. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. ), total dependency ratio: 58.5youth dependency ratio: 48.7elderly dependency ratio: 9.8potential support ratio: 10.2 (2021 est. The country has ratified the International Labor Organizations (ILO) conventions on freedom of association and collective bargaining but failed to enact legislation needed to implement these conventions fully. Most detainees had prompt access to a lawyer of their choice as accorded by law, and the government provided legal counsel to indigent detainees. The General Directorate of National Security (DGSN) stated that it received 131 complaints of violence or threats by officers and conducted 163 investigations into those threats. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 4,100 bbl/day (2018 est. )imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Since 2014, Algerias reliance on hydrocarbon revenues to fund the government and finance the large subsidies for the population has fallen under stress because of declining oil prices. According to the Ministry of Interior, there were 108,940 local and 1,293 national associations registered as of 2016. Each province was further subdivided into three territories. The group was formerly known as Jund al-Khilafah fi Ard al-Jazair. They were Presidential elections took place in 2014, and voters re-elected President Abdelaziz Bouteflika for a fourth term. Although specific data was unavailable, children reportedly worked mostly in the informal sales market, often in family businesses. NGOs reported that the government threatened hotel and restaurant owners with penalties if they rented rooms to NGOs without official authorization. While this legal mechanism exists, the high demand for employment in the country gave an advantage to employers seeking to exploit employees. )imports: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est. Ouled-Djellal arrondissement from Aumale department merged with Barika arrondissement of Stif department to become Barika The law requires that workers obtain government approval to form a union, and the Ministry of Labor must approve or disapprove a union application within 30 days. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) reported during the year that following suppression of public activities in years past, they no longer hold events outside of private locations. Printed editions of the monthly news magazineJeune Afriquehave not been available in the country since April 23. )1.95% (2019 est.). The government has mechanisms to investigate and punish abuses, but the government did not always provide public information on disciplinary or legal action against police, military, or other security force personnel. Although the government did not renew the accreditation of LADDH, the organization had members countrywide, received independent funding, and was one of the most active independent human rights groups. important position as a lingua franca, and place names have continued to be written in the Roman alphabet using French Some of those arrested, reported being brutalized. On September 8, several leaders were prevented from marching in Constantine. It ranks 16th in proven oil reserves. departments of France. ), total: 3,790,459 (2020 est. Tamanghasset to Tamanrasset. Subsequent reforms to the national electoral law introduced open list voting to curb corruption. territories were in the north along the coast, while the military territories were in the Sahara region. If the application is approved, the ministry issues a final accreditation document. The judiciary was not always independent or impartial in civil matters and lacked independence in some human rights cases. The person must submit an application for compensation within six months of the dismissal or acquittal. Human rights activists said police sometimes used excessive force against suspects, including protestors. agriculture: 13.3% (2017 est. Pretrial Detention: Prolonged pretrial detention remained a problem. The Sahrawi refugees had not sought local integration or naturalization during their 40-year stay in the refugee camps near Tindouf, and the Polisario Front continued to call for a referendum on independence in Western Sahara. An annex was the area dominated by a fort, and was part of a cercle. Corruption: The criminal code stipulates that only the board of directors of the institution concerned may initiate charges related to theft, embezzlement, or loss of public and private funds against senior, public sector economic managers. Critics of the law asserted that by permitting only senior officials of state businesses to initiate investigations, the law protects high-level government corruption and promotes impunity. ), potatoes, wheat, milk, watermelons, barley, onions, tomatoes, oranges, dates, vegetables, petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing, agriculture: 10.8%industry: 30.9%services: 58.4% (2011 est. Refoulement: The government provided some protection against the expulsion or return of refugees to countries where their lives or freedom would be threatened because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. Twelve new arrondissements created, making a total of 32. Algeria is divided into 48 wilayat (provinces; sing. )industry: 39.3% (2017 est. 1870-10-24: By decree No. Hydrocarbon exports enabled Algeria to maintain macroeconomic stability, amass large foreign currency reserves, and maintain low external debt while global oil prices were high. See the Department of StatesAnnual Report on International Parental Child Abductionathttps://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data.html. Touggourt. name is usually the same as the name of its capital, the easiest way to track the changes is to consider them as city The government may restrict strikes on a number of grounds, including economic crisis, obstruction of public services, or the possibility of subversive actions. The Ministry of Religious Affairs required that couples present a government-issued marriage certificate before permitting imams to conduct religious marriage ceremonies. ), Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar -135.064 (2021 est. At the end of March, the distributor received a notification from the Ministry of Communication to stop importingJeune Afriqueand other titles published by Jeune Afrique Media Group (The Africa ReportandLa Revue). The Committee on the Application of Standards at the International Labor Conference in June requested the government to reinstate employees that the committee determined were fired based on antiunion discrimination and to process expeditiously pending trade union registration applications. ), improved: urban: 99.6% of populationrural: 98.8% of populationtotal: 99.4% of populationunimproved: urban: 0.4% of populationrural: 1.2% of populationtotal: 0.6% of population (2020 est. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 104 (2020 est. During a media interview, Omar Belhouchet, the editor ofEl Watan, an independent daily newspaper, said that media companies self-censor regarding certain topics. 1831-12-01: By ordinance, Algeria was divided into civil and military territory. note: data are in current year dollars$54.259 billion (2019 est. The list of essential services included banking, radio, and television. The clause stipulates that if the victim forgives his or her aggressor, any legal action ceases. The minimum legal age for employment is 16, but younger children may work as apprentices with permission from their parents or legal guardian. )permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est. Police may make arrests without a warrant if they witness the offense. )$38.551 billion (2019 est. Algeria has the 10th-largest reserves of natural gas in the world - including the 3rd-largest reserves of shale gas - and is the 6th-largest gas exporter. ), Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km)Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km), Lullemeden-Irhazer Aquifer System, Murzuk-Djado Basin, North Western Sahara Aquifer, Taoudeni-Tanezrouft Basin, the vast majority of the populace is found in the extreme northern part of the country along the Mediterranean Coast as shown in this population distribution map, mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season; droughts, largest country in Africa but 80% desert; canyons and caves in the southern Hoggar Mountains and in the barren Tassili n'Ajjer area in the southeast of the country contain numerous examples of prehistoric art - rock paintings and carvings depicting human activities and wild and domestic animals (elephants, giraffes, cattle) - that date to the African Humid Period, roughly 11,000 to 5,000 years ago, when the region was completely vegetated, Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%note: although almost all Algerians are Berber in origin (not Arab), only a minority identify themselves as primarily Berber, about 15% of the total population; these people live mostly in the mountainous region of Kabylie east of Algiers and several other communities; the Berbers are also Muslim but identify with their Berber rather than Arab cultural heritage; Berbers have long agitated, sometimes violently, for autonomy; the government is unlikely to grant autonomy but has officially recognized Berber languages and introduced them into public schools. There is no official estimate of the poverty income level. )refined petroleum consumption: 450,500 bbl/day (2019 est. Freedom of Expression: While public debate and criticism of the government were widespread, journalists and activists believed they were limited in their ability to criticize the government publicly on topics crossing unwritten red lines. Authorities arrested and detained citizens for expressing views deemed damaging to state officials and institutions, and citizens practiced self-restraint in expressing public criticism. Rape and Domestic Violence: The law criminalizes rape but does not specifically address spousal rape. Internet users regularly exercised their right to free expression and association online, including through online forums, social media, and email. Amnesty International alleged that authorities sometimes detained individuals on security-related charges for longer than the 12-day prescribed period. alterations - were consolidated into a unit called Territoires du Sud. Half of the lunch hour is considered compensated working time. The reversal in fertility could represent a temporary fluctuation in marriage age or, less likely, a decrease in the steady rate of contraceptive use. Local human rights activists reported that prisoners feared reprisals if they reported abuse by authorities during detention or the interrogation process. Access to Basic Services: UNHCR provided registered refugees with modest food assistance and lodging support. Sub-Saharan African migrants came to Algeria after its civil war to work in agriculture and mining. Security forces routinely detained individuals who participated in unauthorized protests. After Frances defeat in the Franco-German War, settlers felt they could finally gain more land. Although several total petroleum systems may exist within the Illizi Province, only one composite total petroleum system is identified. The government maintained undue media influence and opposition political parties claimed they did not have access to public television and radio. Police typically dispersed protesters shortly after a protest began and arrested and detained organizers for a few hours. Access to Asylum: While the law provides generally for asylum or refugee status, the government has not established a formal system through which refugees can request asylum. A detainee has the right to appeal a courts order of pretrial detention, and if released, seek compensation from the government. Coordinator for the Arctic Region; In the years following independence, low-skilled Algerian workers and Algerians who had supported the French (known as Harkis) emigrated en masse to France. The government allowed international observation of the elections but did not permit local civil society organizations to do the same. During the year the DGSN conducted nine training sessions on human rights, including for all new cadets. The governments National AIDS Committee met twice during the year. To found a union, an applicant must be Algerian by birth or have held Algerian nationality for 10 years. Constantine, and Oran, after their capitals. ), municipal solid waste generated annually: 12,378,740 tons (2016 est. As a result, officials suspended six individuals. ), conventional long form: People's Democratic Republic of Algeriaconventional short form: Algerialocal long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyahlocal short form: Al Jaza'iretymology: the country name derives from the capital city of Algiers, name: Algiersgeographic coordinates: 36 45 N, 3 03 Etime difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: name derives from the Arabic "al-Jazair" meaning "the islands" and refers to the four islands formerly off the coast but joined to the mainland since 1525, 58 provinces (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger, Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Beni Abbes, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Badji Mokhtar, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djanet, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Meghaier, El Meniaa, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, In Guezzam, In Salah, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Ouled Djellal, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanrasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Timimoun, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen, Touggourt, Independence Day, 5 July (1962); Revolution Day, 1 November (1954), history: several previous; latest approved by referendum November 2020amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or through the president with the support of three fourths of the members of both houses of Parliament in joint session; passage requires approval by both houses, approval by referendum, and promulgation by the president; the president can forego a referendum if the Constitutional Council determines the proposed amendment does not conflict with basic constitutional principles; articles including the republican form of government, the integrity and unity of the country, and fundamental citizens liberties and rights cannot be amended; amended 2002, 2008, 2016; last in 2020, mixed legal system of French civil law and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials including several Supreme Court justices, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: the mother must be a citizen of Algeriadual citizenship recognized: noresidency requirement for naturalization: 7 years, chief of state: President Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE (since 12 December 2019)head of government: Prime Minister Ayman BENABDERRAHMANE (since 7 July 2021), description: bicameral Parliament or Barlaman consists of:Council of the Nation or Majlis al-Umma (174 seats; two-thirds of members indirectly elected by simple majority vote by an electoral college composed of local assemblies within each wilaya, and one-third of members appointed by the president; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)National People's Assembly or al-Majlis al-Sha'abi al-Watani (407 seats including 8 seats for Algerian diaspora); members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by open-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms); note - in March 2021, President TEBBOUNE ordered the number of Assembly seats be reduced to 407 from 462elections: Council of the Nation - last held on 5 February 2022 (next election NA)National People's Assembly - snap election held on 12 June 2021 (next to be held on 12 June 2026)election results: Council of the Nation - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 54, RND 22, Future Front 7, National Construction Movement 5, FFS 4, other 6, independent 18, appointed 58; composition - NANational People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 98, MSP 65, RND 58, (Future Front) 48, Movement of National Construction 39, other 15, independent 84; composition - men 374, women 33, percent of women 8.1%; note - total Parliament percent of women 7.3%, highest court(s): Supreme Court or Le Cour Suprme, (consists of 150 judges organized into 8 chambers: Civil, Commercial and Maritime, Criminal, House of Offenses and Contraventions, House of Petitions, Land, Personal Status, and Social; Constitutional Council (consists of 12 members including the court chairman and deputy chairman); note - Algeria's judicial system does not include sharia courtsjudge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the High Council of Magistracy, an administrative body presided over by the president of the republic, and includes the republic vice-president and several members; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Council members - 4 appointed by the president of the republic, 2 each by the 2 houses of Parliament, 2 by the Supreme Court, and 2 by the Council of State; Council president and members appointed for single 6-year terms with half the membership renewed every 3 yearssubordinate courts: appellate or wilaya courts; first instance or daira tribunals, Algerian National Front or FNA [Moussa TOUATI]Algerian Popular Movement or MPA [Amara BENYOUNES]Algerian Rally or RA [Ali ZAGHDOUD]Algeria's Hope Rally or TAJ [Fatma Zohra ZEROUATI]Democratic and Social Movement or MDS [Fethi GHARES]Dignity or El Karama [Mohamed DAOUI]El-Bina (Harakat El-Binaa El-Watani) [Abdelkader BENGRINA]El-Islah [Filali GHOUINI]Ennour El Djazairi Party (Algerian Radiance Party) or PED [Badreddine BELBAZ]Front for Justice and Development or El Adala [Abdallah DJABALLAH]Future Front or El Mostakbel [Abdelaziz BELAID]Islamic Renaissance Movement or Ennahda Movement [Mohamed DOUIBI]Justice and Development Front or FJD [Abdellah DJABALLAH]Movement for National Reform or Islah [Filali GHOUINI]Movement of Society for Peace or MSP [Abderrazak MAKRI]National Construction Movement (Harakat Al-bina' Al-watanii) [Abdelkader BENGRINA]National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement National Democratique) or RND [Tayeb ZITOUNI]National Front for Social Justice or FNJS [Khaled BOUNEDJEMA]National Liberation Front or FLN [Abou El Fadhel BAADJI]National Party for Solidarity and Development or PNSD [Dalila YALAQUI]National Reform Movement or Islah [Djahid YOUNSI]National Republican Alliance or ANR [Belkacem SAHLI]New Dawn Party (El-Fajr El-Jadid) [Tahar BENBAIBECHE]New Generation (Jil Jadid) [Soufiane DJILALI]Oath of 1954 or Ahd 54 [Ali Fawzi REBAINE]Party of Justice and Liberty or PLJ [Djamel Ben ZIADI]Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD [Mohcine BELABBAS]Socialist Forces Front or FFS [Youcef AOUCHICHE]Union for Change and Progress or UCP [Zoubida ASSOUL]Union of Democratic and Social Forces or UFDS [Noureddine BAHBOUH]Vanguard of Liberties (Talaie El Hurriyet) [Abdelkader SAADI]Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUNE]Youth Party or PJ [Hamana BOUCHARMA]note: a law banning political parties based on religion was enacted in March 1997, ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BIS, CAEU, CD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer), chief of mission: Ambassador Ahmed BOUTACHE (since 26 October 2021)chancery: 2118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 265-2800FAX: [1] (202) 986-5906email address and website: [email protected]://www.algerianembassy.org/consulate(s) general: New York, chief of mission: Ambassador Elizabeth Moore AUBIN (since 9 February 2022)embassy: 05 Chemin Cheikh Bachir, Ibrahimi, El-Biar 16030, Algermailing address: 6030 Algiers Place, Washington DC 20521-6030telephone: [213] (0) 770-08-2000FAX: [213] (0) 770-08-2299email address and website: [email protected]://dz.usembassy.gov/, two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the colors represent Islam (green), purity and peace (white), and liberty (red); the crescent and star are also Islamic symbols, but the crescent is more closed than those of other Muslim countries because Algerians believe the long crescent horns bring happiness, five-pointed star between the extended horns of a crescent moon, fennec fox; national colors: green, white, red, name: "Kassaman" (We Pledge)lyrics/music: Mufdi ZAKARIAH/Mohamed FAWZInote: adopted 1962; ZAKARIAH wrote "Kassaman" as a poem while imprisoned in Algiers by French colonial forces, total World Heritage Sites: 7 (6 cultural, 1 mixed)selected World Heritage Site locales: Beni Hammad Fort (c); Djmila (c); Casbah of Algiers (c); M'zab Valley (c); Tassili n'Ajjer (m); Timgad (c); Tipasa (c).

How To Register A Trailer Without Title In Iowa, Will Thomas Westlake High School, Articles S