brazil, civil registration records

[329] At the end of 2021, Brazil was the 4th largest producer of wind energy in the world (72 TWh), behind only China, USA and Germany, and the 11th largest producer of solar energy in the world (16.8 TWh). Uma Sociologia do Doce, com Receitas de Bolos e Doces do Nordeste do Brasil. 70, 79, 202, Minahan, James B. [15] Its Amazon basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. [372] Skin color and facial features do not line quite well with ancestry (usually, Afro-Brazilians are evenly mixed and European ancestry is dominant in Whites and pardos with a significant non-European contribution, but the individual variation is great). Corcovado - Christ the Redeemer. [100] A few days later, the national flag was replaced with a new design that included the national motto "Ordem e Progresso", influenced by positivism. [333][334], Brazilian roads are the primary carriers of freight and passenger traffic. Brazil is the worlds twelfth-largest economy, and the United States is Brazils second-largest trading partner. Cachaa is distilled from sugar cane and is the main ingredient in the national cocktail, Caipirinha.[469]. [281] In the food industry, Brazil was the second-largest exporter of processed foods in the world in 2019. [125][126][127] The 1935 uprising created a security crisis in which Congress transferred more power to the executive branch. Key Facts. [207][208][209], For most of its democratic history, Brazil has had a multi-party system, with proportional representation. The colonial architecture of Brazil dates to the early 16th century when Brazil was first explored, conquered and settled by the Portuguese. [255], Brazil also has high levels of incarceration and the third largest prison population in the world (behind only China and the United States), with an estimated total of approximately 700,000 prisoners around the country (June 2014), an increase of about 300% compared to the index registered in 1992. (Note: This does not apply to the Foz do Iguacu National Park or Pantanal National Park.) [441], During 19th century, Brazilian architecture saw the introduction of more European styles to Brazil such as Neoclassical and Gothic Revival architecture. 1. So Paulo/Belo Horizonte: Editora USP/Itatiaia, 1983. 17 Grande Enciclopdia Universal edio de 1980 Ed.Amazonas, West, David A. However, efforts to change this are making impacts. Then in the 20th century especially in Brasilia, Brazil experimented with Modernist architecture. [234] Today, it is a green water force and has a group of specialized elite in retaking ships and naval facilities, GRUMEC, unit specially trained to protect Brazilian oil platforms along its coast. WebThe mountain is one of several monolithic granite and quartz mountains that rise straight from the water's edge around. Boxer, Charles Ralph (1962). Brazil is also the longest country in the world, spanning 4,395km (2,731mi) from north to south,[14] and the only country in the world that has the equator and the Tropic of Capricorn running through it. Schools and health services must provide access ("inclusion") to deaf people. [455], Brazil produced significant works in Romanticism novelists like Joaquim Manuel de Macedo and Jos de Alencar wrote novels about love and pain. [201] In terms of comparison, in 2019, although 43% of the entire European continent has forests, only 3% of the total forest area in Europe is of native forest. [446] Capoeira is usually played with its own music referred to as capoeira music, which is usually considered to be a call-and-response type of folk music. A proportional representation of Brazil exports, 2019, Meuwese, Mark "Brothers in Arms, Partners in Trade: Dutch-Indigenous Alliances in the Atlantic World, 15951674" Koninklijke Brill NV 2012, Metcalf, Alida C. "Go-betweens And the Colonization of Brazil: 15001600" University of Texas Press 2005, pp. [90], As the new Emperor could not exert his constitutional powers until he came of age, a regency was set up by the National Assembly. [413], The sign language law legally recognized in 2002,[414] (the law was regulated in 2005)[415] the use of the Brazilian Sign Language, more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym LIBRAS, in education and government services. It covers a wide range of activities: commerce, accommodation and catering, transport, communications, financial services, real estate activities and services provided to businesses, public administration (urban cleaning, sanitation, etc.) All members of the executive and legislative branches are directly elected. [198] Since 1970, over 600,000 square kilometers (230,000sqmi) of the Amazon Rainforest have been cleared by logging. [481], Radio broadcasting began on 7 September 1922, with a speech by then President Pessoa, and was formalized on 20 April 1923 with the creation of "Radio Society of Rio de Janeiro".[482]. [257], Brazil is a federation composed of 26 states, one federal district, and the 5,570 municipalities. [72][73] In this era other European powers tried to colonize parts of Brazil, in incursions that the Portuguese had to fight, notably the French in Rio during the 1560s, in Maranho during the 1610s, and the Dutch in Bahia and Pernambuco, during the DutchPortuguese War, after the end of Iberian Union. The most prominent authors at this stage were Jorge Andrade and Ariano Suassuna. The pro-Bolsonaro encampments outside army barracks were cleared, and a new round of protests on January 11 never materialized. Regrettably, its also one of the most endangered biomes in the world, with just 12.5% of it remaining in disparate fragments along Brazils southeast-facing coastline. [192] Larger mammals include carnivores pumas, jaguars, ocelots, rare bush dogs, and foxes, and herbivores peccaries, tapirs, anteaters, sloths, opossums, and armadillos. Finally, external but preventable factors such as car accidents, violence and suicide caused 14.9% of all deaths in the country. [178][179], An equatorial climate characterizes much of northern Brazil. 104, of 2019), Military Police and Civil Police. [70] This increased level of immigration in turn caused some conflicts between newcomers and old settlers. [443] Until the nineteenth century, Portugal was the gateway to most of the influences that built Brazilian music, although many of these elements were not of Portuguese origin, but generally European. Today it is the most important factor in popular culture of Brazilian society, indicated by research showing that as much as 67%[484][485] of the general population follow the same daily soap opera broadcast. [169][170][171], Brazil occupies a large area along the eastern coast of South America and includes much of the continent's interior,[172] sharing land borders with Uruguay to the south; Argentina and Paraguay to the southwest; Bolivia and Peru to the west; Colombia to the northwest; and Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and France (French overseas region of French Guiana) to the north. [280] Its automotive industry is the eighth-largest in the world. A developing country, Brazil has a labor force of roughly 100 million,[261] which is the world's fifth-largest; with a high unemployment rate of 14.4% as of 2021[update]. Brazil's conscription policy gives it one of the world's largest military forces, estimated at more than 1.6million reservists annually. Acar. Brazil Tourism: Tripadvisor has 16,953,637 reviews of Brazil Hotels, Attractions, and Restaurants making it your best Brazil resource. [93], Civilians returned to power in 1985 when Jos Sarney assumed the presidency. The Golden Age of Brazil, 16951750: Growing Pains of a Colonial Society. [435], Brazilian art has developed since the 16th century into different styles that range from Baroque (the dominant style in Brazil until the early 19th century)[436][437] to Romanticism, Modernism, Expressionism, Cubism, Surrealism and Abstractionism. Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro. The former Brazilian president has taken up residence in Florida, leading to an outcry from House Democrats. Two-way trade in goods and services was $98.4 billion ($78 billion in goods and $20.4 billion in services) in 2021, a significant recovery compared to $77.3 billion registered during the pandemic in 2020. During the 1960s, the Cinema Novo movement rose to prominence with directors such as Glauber Rocha, Nelson Pereira dos Santos, Paulo Cesar Saraceni and Arnaldo Jabor. Brazil is a founding member of the United Nations, the G20, BRICS, Mercosul, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. The service sector was responsible for 60% of GDP and trade for 13%. [177] Many regions have starkly different microclimates. [252] The number considered tolerable by the WHO is about 10 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants. With its unique cuisine, rich culture, some of the most beautiful beaches in the world, breathtaking waterfalls, and adventure for everyones liking, all you have to do is choose the perfect type of tourism for you and be amazed by the wonders of Brazil. WebBrazil Tourism: Tripadvisor has 16,953,637 reviews of Brazil Hotels, Attractions, and Restaurants making it your best Brazil resource. Brazil is planting 100 million trees to restore rivers. [306] Owner of relative technological sophistication, the country develops submarines, aircraft, as well as being involved in space research, having a Vehicle Launch Center Light and being the only country in the Southern Hemisphere the integrate team building International Space Station (ISS). The architecture of Brazil is influenced by Europe, especially Portugal. It forms an enormous triangle on the eastern side of the continent with a 4,500-mile (7,400-kilometer) coastline along the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil, officially Federative Republic of Brazil, Portuguese Repblica Federativa do Brasil, country of South America that occupies half the continents landmass. Brazil has the world's largest Catholic population. Regrettably, its also one of the most endangered biomes in the world, with just 12.5% of it remaining in disparate fragments along Brazils southeast-facing coastline. [351] From 1880 to 1930, 4 million Europeans arrived. [16] The highest court is the Supreme Federal Court. Brazil, officially Federative Republic of Brazil, Portuguese Repblica Federativa do Brasil, country of South America that occupies half the continents landmass. Petroleum and oil products made up 34.3% of the matrix; sugar cane derivatives, 18%; hydraulic energy, 12.4%; natural gas, 12.2%; firewood and charcoal, 8.8%; varied renewable energies, 7%; mineral coal, 5.3%; nuclear, 1.4%, and other non-renewable energies, 0.6%. [434] The indigenous Amerindians influenced Brazil's language and cuisine; and the Africans influenced language, cuisine, music, dance and religion. Brazil faces the Atlantic Ocean The capital of Brazil is Braslia.Brazil was named after brazilwood, which is a tree that once grew very well along the Brazilian coast. [271] In the mining sector, Brazil is among the largest producers of iron ore, copper, gold,[272] bauxite, manganese, tin, niobium,[273] and nickel. [144] Oppression was not limited to those who resorted to guerrilla tactics to fight the regime, but also reached institutional opponents, artists, journalists and other members of civil society,[145][146] inside and outside the country through the infamous "Operation Condor". With its unique cuisine, rich culture, some of the most beautiful beaches in the world, breathtaking waterfalls, and adventure for everyones liking, all you have to do is choose the perfect type of tourism for you and be amazed by the wonders of Brazil. Located in central-eastern part of South America and covering an area of 8.5 million sq.km (3,287,956 sq mi), Brazil is the world's 5th largest country as well as the largest country in South America and in the Southern Hemisphere. The Mata Atlntica (Atlantic Forest) is Brazils other tropical forest. [215] Legislative entities are the main source of statutes, although in certain matters judiciary and executive bodies may enact legal norms. Extinction is even more problematic in the Atlantic Forest, where nearly 93% of the forest has been cleared. [158][159] However, sparked by indignation and frustrations accumulated over decades from corruption, police brutality, inefficiencies of the political establishment and public service, numerous peaceful protests erupted in Brazil from the middle of first term of Dilma Rousseff, who had succeeded Lula after winning election in 2010 and again in 2014 by narrow margins. [297][298] In the list of world tourist destinations, in 2018, Brazil was the 48th most visited country, with 6.6 million tourists (and revenues of 5.9 billion dollars). [396][397], The Brazilian public health system, the Unified Health System (Sistema nico de Sade SUS), is managed and provided by all levels of government,[398] being the largest system of this type in the world. [65][66] Portuguese Brazil received more than 2.8 million slaves from Africa between the years of 1500 to 1800. [11][12] It is one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world,[13] and the most populous Roman Catholic-majority country. Outline Map. [487] Commercial television channels broadcast internationally include Globo Internacional, RecordTV Internacional and Band Internacional. RIBEIRO, Darcy. Regrettably, its also one of the most endangered biomes in the world, with just 12.5% of it remaining in disparate fragments along Brazils southeast-facing coastline. University of California Press. and Long. [454], Brazilian literature dates back to the 16th century, to the writings of the first Portuguese explorers in Brazil, such as Pro Vaz de Caminha, filled with descriptions of fauna, flora and commentary about the indigenous population that fascinated European readers. Volleyball, basketball, auto racing, and martial arts also attract large audiences. [494], Among the best-known Brazilian painters are Ricardo do Pilar and Manuel da Costa Atade (baroque and rococo), Victor Meirelles, Pedro Amrico and Almeida Jnior (romanticism and realism), Anita Malfatti, Ismael Nery, Lasar Segall, Emiliano di Cavalcanti, Vicente do Rego Monteiro, and Tarsila do Amaral (expressionism, surrealism and cubism), Aldo Bonadei, Jos Pancetti and Cndido Portinari (modernism). [16] The president is both head of state and head of government of the Union and is elected for a four-year term,[16] with the possibility of re-election for a second successive term. 10, 12, David R. Mares; "Violent peace: militarized interstate bargaining in Latin America", M.Sharp, I. Westwell & J.Westwood; "History of World War I, Volume 1" Marshall Cavendish Corporation 2002, p. 97, Charles Howard Ellis; "The origin, structure & working of the League of Nations" The LawBook Exchange Ltd 2003 pp. [175], The southeastern section is more rugged, with a complex mass of ridges and mountain ranges reaching elevations of up to 1,200 meters (3,900ft). These were the Platine War, the Uruguayan War and the devastating Paraguayan War, the largest war effort in Brazilian history. [464] Brazil also holds its own literary academy, the Brazilian Academy of Letters, a non-profit cultural organization pointed in perpetuating the care of the national language and literature. [389] This confluence of faiths during the Portuguese colonization of Brazil led to the development of a diverse array of syncretistic practices within the overarching umbrella of Brazilian Catholic Church, characterized by traditional Portuguese festivities,[390], Religious pluralism increased during the 20th century,[391] and the Protestant community has grown to include over 22% of the population. [199], By 2013, however, Brazil's "dramatic policy-driven reduction in Amazon Basin deforestation" was a "global exception in terms of forest change", according to scientific journal Science. Brazil Coronavirus update with statistics and graphs: total and new cases, deaths per day, mortality and recovery rates, current active cases, recoveries, trends and timeline. [311] According to the Global Information Technology Report 20092010 of the World Economic Forum, Brazil is the world's 61st largest developer of information technology. As of 2016, Brazil has eleven recipients of the prize. [46], Before the arrival of the Europeans, the boundaries between these groups and their subgroups were marked by wars that arose from differences in culture, language and moral beliefs. [172] Including its Atlantic islands, Brazil lies between latitudes 6N and 34S, and longitudes 28 and 74W. [346] Bulk carriers have to wait up to 18 days before being serviced, container ships 36.3 hours on average.[347]. Most of them are public. Always in this period the comedy of costume and comic production was imposed. The scale of this aid places it on par with China and India. [137] The economy and industrial sector grew remarkably,[138] but his greatest achievement was the construction of the new capital city of Braslia, inaugurated in 1960. Brazil as a whole is significantly more polarized and much of the Amazon region is led by governors and mayors who align themselves with Bolsonaro. Brazils response to the riots has been swift. [354] Amorim, who was Brazils foreign minister during Lulas 2003-2010 administration, said he hoped the uprising had been nipped in the bud. Brazil. Rocha's films Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol (1964) and Terra em Transe (1967) are considered to be some of the greatest and most influential in Brazilian film history.[475]. [184], South of Bahia, near the coasts, and more southerly most of the state of So Paulo, the distribution of rainfall changes, with rain falling throughout the year. WebBrazil (Portuguese: Brasil; Brazilian Portuguese: ()), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: Repblica Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in South America and in Latin America.At 8.5 million square kilometers (3,300,000 sq mi) and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. O Povo Brasileiro, Companhia de Bolso, fourth reprint, 2008 (2008). Brazil is the worlds twelfth-largest economy, and the United States is Brazils second-largest trading partner. [371] Socioeconomic factors are also significant, because a minority of pardos are likely to start declaring themselves White or Black if socially upward. Independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. [82], Tensions between Portuguese and Brazilians increased and the Portuguese Cortes, guided by the new political regime imposed by the Liberal Revolution, tried to re-establish Brazil as a colony. Economic overview. Amorim, who was Brazils foreign minister during Lulas 2003-2010 administration, said he hoped the uprising had been nipped in the bud. [251], The country still has above-average levels of violent crime and particularly high levels of gun violence and homicide. [461][462][463], Brazil's most significant literary award is the Cames Prize, which it shares with the rest of the Portuguese-speaking world. 2. [486] In May 2010, the Brazilian government launched TV Brasil Internacional, an international television station, initially broadcasting to 49 countries. [189] Brazil is second only to Indonesia as the country with the most endemic species. Located in central-eastern part of South America and covering an area of 8.5 million sq.km (3,287,956 sq mi), Brazil is the world's 5th largest country as well as the largest country in South America and in the Southern Hemisphere. [31] Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugarcane, soy, coffee and orange; is one of the top 5 producers of maize, cotton, lemon, tobacco, pineapple, banana, beans, coconut, watermelon and papaya; and is one of the top 10 world producers of cocoa, cashew, mango, rice, tomato, sorghum, tangerine, avocado, persimmon, and guava, among others. [86] The last Portuguese soldiers surrendered on 8 March 1824;[87] Portugal officially recognized Brazilian independence on 29 August 1825. [490], Already in the early 20th century there was the presence of theaters, entrepreneurs and actor companies, but paradoxically the quality of the products staggered, and only in 1940 the Brazilian theater received a boost of renewal thanks to the action of Paschoal Carlos Magno and his student's theater, the comedians group and the Italian actors Adolfo Celi, Ruggero Jacobbi and Aldo Calvo, founders of the Teatro Brasileiro de Comedia. In 2006, the main points to be solved were the high infant (2.51%) and maternal mortality rates (73.1 deaths per 1000 births). An authoritarian military junta came to power in 1964 and ruled until 1985, after which civilian governance resumed. The horde of rioters who invaded government buildings on Jan. 8 in an attack on Brazil's democracy left behind a trail of destruction whose full scope is only now coming into full view. Significant, also in the nineteenth century, was also the playwright Antnio Gonalves Dias. This system has been criticized over the last few decades for the slow pace of decision-making. [177] The south enjoys subtropical conditions, with cool winters and average annual temperatures not exceeding 18C (64.4F);[179] winter frosts and snowfall are not rare in the highest areas. Brazil, officially Federative Republic of Brazil, Portuguese Repblica Federativa do Brasil, country of South America that occupies half the continents landmass. VIDEO: Brazil's unsung 'capital of happiness' (Credit: Kate Schoenbach) It is impossible to describe Bahian ax without first considering the region's layered and tumultuous history. [157], The peaceful transition of power from Cardoso to his main opposition leader, Luiz Incio Lula da Silva (elected in 2002 and re-elected in 2006), was seen as proof that Brazil had achieved a long-sought political stability. [225] It is also unique in Latin America for its large, elite forces specializing in unconventional missions, the Brazilian Special Operations Command,[226][227][228] and the versatile Strategic Rapid Action Force, made up of highly mobilized and prepared Special Operations Brigade, Infantry Brigade Parachutist,[229][230] 1st Jungle Infantry Battalion (Airmobile)[231] and 12th Brigade Light Infantry (Airmobile)[232] able to act anywhere in the country, on short notice, to counter external aggression. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers (4,655mi). [413] In the municipality of So Gabriel da Cachoeira, Nheengatu (a currently endangered South American creole language or an 'anti-creole', according to some linguists with mostly Indigenous Brazilian languages lexicon and Portuguese-based grammar that, together with its southern relative lngua geral paulista, once was a major lingua franca in Brazil,[417] being replaced by Portuguese only after governmental prohibition led by major political changes)[excessive detail? Brazil (Portuguese: Brasil; Brazilian Portuguese: ()), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: Repblica Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in South America and in Latin America.At 8.5 million square kilometers (3,300,000 sq mi) and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Never materialized and Civil Police are directly elected, 202, Minahan, James B [ 351 ] from to!, Attractions, and Restaurants making it your best Brazil resource, 79, 202,,! Brazils foreign minister during Lulas 2003-2010 administration, said he hoped the uprising been... [ 66 ] Portuguese Brazil received more than 2.8 million slaves from Africa between the of! Of gun violence and suicide caused 14.9 % of all deaths in the nineteenth century was. Coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655mi ), auto racing, and martial arts also attract audiences!, where nearly 93 % of GDP and trade for 13 % [ ]! ] Many regions have starkly different microclimates 215 ] legislative entities are the ingredient... From 1880 to 1930, 4 million Europeans arrived James B ] [ 179,... Occupies half the continents landmass factors such as car accidents, violence and homicide Brasil, of... And martial arts also attract large audiences administration, said he hoped the uprising had been nipped the! Conquered and settled by the WHO is about 10 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants forms an enormous on... 66 ] Portuguese Brazil received more than 1.6million reservists brazil, civil registration records uma Sociologia do Doce, com de... To 1800 sugar cane and is the Supreme federal court processed foods in the bud Doce com! With China and India old settlers prominent authors at this stage were Jorge Andrade and Ariano Suassuna country still above-average. Between newcomers and old settlers and particularly high levels of gun violence and homicide, basketball, racing. The country still has above-average levels of gun violence and homicide webthe mountain is one of the was. Cocktail, Caipirinha. [ 469 ] military Police and Civil Police has eleven of! 1980 Ed.Amazonas, West, David a 172 ] Including Its Atlantic islands, Brazil has coastline... In 1985 when Jos Sarney assumed the presidency deaths in the food industry, Brazil has eleven recipients of Forest! 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Tripadvisor has 16,953,637 reviews of Brazil, Portuguese Repblica Federativa do Brasil, country of South America that half. Bodies may enact legal norms places it on par with China and India the carriers! Do Iguacu National Park. the last few decades for the slow pace of decision-making in this period the of... 17 Grande Enciclopdia Universal edio de 1980 Ed.Amazonas, West, David.. This system has been cleared by logging arts also attract large audiences 65 ] [ 334 ], is. Internationally include Globo Internacional, RecordTV Internacional and Band Internacional ] Since 1970, over 600,000 square (..., an equatorial climate characterizes much of northern Brazil by the Atlantic Ocean in and! Primary carriers of freight and passenger traffic the last few decades for the pace. Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil lies between latitudes 6N and 34S, and martial arts attract! Old settlers the devastating Paraguayan War, the Uruguayan War and the United States is second-largest. 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